State the characteristics of a company and discuss the procedure of its incorporation. 2024, 2022
What do you understand by 'Company'? Define it and enumerate different kinds of companies. 2019
What is a Company? Explain salient features of an incorporated company. 2018
Define a Company. 2017, 2016
Company vs. Partnership
How does a company differ from a partnership? 2018, 2017
Public vs. Private Company
What do you mean by Private Company? When does a private company become a public company? Point out restrictions on private companies (Companies Act 2013/1956). 2022, 2018
Distinguish between Public Company and Private Company. 2019, 2016
Write a short note on Private Company. 2024
Other Types
Comment: "Multi-National Company is a need of the day." 2022
2. Incorporation and Corporate Personality
Incorporation
What do you understand by Incorporation? What are its advantages? 2024, 2022
Corporate Personality & Lifting the Veil
Discuss the doctrine of lifting the Corporate veil with reference to relevant Judicial decisions. 2024, 2022, 2019
"An incorporated company is totally different from individuals comprising it." Discuss. When can the corporate veil be lifted? 2017
Discuss the nature of corporate personality in the light of the decision Soloman v. Soloman and Co. Ltd. 2016
Promoters
Define 'Promoter'. Discuss the laws relating to promoter's pre-incorporation contracts. 2019
Write a short note on Promoters of a company. 2016
3. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Memorandum of Association (MoA)
Describe the contents of Memorandum of Association. When and how may it be altered? 2019, 2018
Write a short note on Memorandum of Association. 2024
Comparison
Distinguish between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association. 2019, 2017
Doctrines
Write short notes on the Doctrine of Ultravires. 2024, 2019, 2016
Write a short note on the Doctrine of Indoor Management. 2019
4. Prospectus
Definition & Contents
Define ‘Prospectus’. What particulars are given in the Prospectus? 2022, 2018
What do you understand by "Prospectus"? 2016
Who can issue a prospectus on behalf of a company? What is a statement in-lieu of prospectus? 2019
Liability & Misstatement
Define Prospectus and discuss the liability of directors for misstatement in a prospectus. 2024, 2017
What remedies are available in case of misrepresentation in the prospectus? 2016
5. Shares and Debentures
Shares & Types
Define the expression ‘Share’ and state the various kinds of shares which can be issued. 2022, 2017
What do you understand by ‘Sweat shares’? 2022
Define and distinguish between 'Share' and 'Stock'. 2018
Allotment
Discuss the general principles and statutory restrictions related to allotment of shares. 2024, 2019, 2017, 2016
Debentures
Define Debenture. What are the various kinds? Distinguish between shareholders and debenture holders. 2022
Other Share Concepts
Distinguish between Forfeiture of share and Surrender of share. 2019
6. Directors
Appointment & Removal
Discuss the modes of appointment and removal of directors. 2024, 2017
Discuss provisions relating to appointment. When is the office of director deemed vacated? 2016
Position & Qualifications
Discuss position, appointment, and qualification of Directors. 2022
"Directors are not only agents but also trustees of a Company." Explain. 2019
Explain the true legal position of directors. 2018
7. Meetings and Dividends
Meetings
Discuss the kinds of company’s meetings and procedure of voting. 2022
What are the kinds of meetings of shareholders? When can the Company Law Board call an annual general meeting? 2016
What do you mean by extraordinary general meeting? 2018
Dividends
What is ‘Dividend’? What are the rules of distribution of dividend of a Public Company? 2024
Write a short note on Payment of Dividends. 2016
8. Oppression and Mismanagement
Prevention & Provisions
Explain ‘Oppression’ and ‘Mismanagement’. Discuss the law relating to their prevention under Company Law. 2024, 2019, 2017
Discuss the provisions of Companies Act, 1956 regarding protection of oppression and mismanagement. 2016
9. Winding Up
Modes & Circumstances
What are the various modes of winding up? Discuss circumstances for compulsory winding up. 2016
When may a Company be wound up by the Court/Tribunal? 2024, 2018, 2017
What is winding up? Under what circumstances can a company be voluntarily wound up? 2019
10. Amalgamation and Reconstruction
Distinction & Provisions
Distinguish between amalgamation and reconstruction. When and how can companies be amalgamated in national interest? 2018, 2017
Describe the legal provisions relating to Amalgamation and reconstruction of company. 2016